A Criminological Analysis of Drug-Related Crimes Among Adolescents

Hastuti Nur Herawati; Diya Ul Akmal; Rizkatul Wahdiyah; Dinar Putri Gunawan

Authors

Hastuti Nur Herawati Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang
Diya Ul Akmal Universitas Pamulang
Rizkatul Wahdiyah Universitas Pamulang
Dinar Putri Gunawan Universitas Pamulang

Keywords:

Crime, Narcotics, Teenagers

Abstract

The aim of this article is to review and analyze the factors that cause narcotics crime among teenagers through a criminological approach. Furthermore, the article underscores the necessity for preventive measures in combating substance abuse among adolescents. The present article employs qualitative data analysis, deriving its data from a comprehensive review of extant literature. The results of the study demonstrate that adolescence constitutes a vulnerable period with regard to the circulation and abuse of narcotics. Adolescents frequently find themselves susceptible to exploitation due to their innate curiosity and the absence of a fully developed understanding of their actions. This phenomenon places the Indonesian nation in a critical state, as adolescents are the foundation of the nation's future. A comprehensive strategy is imperative to address the plight of adolescents grappling with substance use disorders, encompassing both those who use drugs and those who engage in the illicit transportation of such substances.

References

Abbasi, H. (2025). Modern Psychology. Journal of Medical and Clinical Case Reports, 2(6), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.61615/JMCCR/2025/DEC027141206

Abdalla, H. O., Hussein, R. A., Mohamed, Y. A., Mohammed, M. S., Abdalla, R. M., Elawad, M. E., & Malik, A. B. (2023). Effect of Drug Abuse Among Adolescents: A Narrative Review Article. Journal of Addiction Research and Adolescent Behaviour, 6(3), 1–6.

Ahmad, K. (2024). Child Exploitation Within the Illicit Narcotics Trade, as Described by Doen Pleger. PRAWO i WIĘŹ, 50(3). https://doi.org/10.36128/PRIW.VI50.847

Akers, R. L. (1977). Deviant Behavior: A Social Learning Approach. Wadsworth Publishing Company.

Alhammad, M., Aljedani, R., Alsaleh, M., Atyia, N., Alsmakh, M., Alfaraj, A., Alkhunaizi, A., Alwabari, J., & Alzaidi, M. (2022). Family, Individual, and Other Risk Factors Contributing to Risk of Substance Abuse in Young Adults: A Narrative Review. Cureus, 14(12). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.32316

Anieto, O. N. (2025). The Implication of Drug Abuse Among Youths. Teaching, Learning, and Development, 4(2), 135–145. https://doi.org/10.62672/telad.v4i2.141

Arshandi, M. (2022). BNN Sulawesi Tengah: Banyak remaja 15 tahun jadi pengedar narkoba. Antaranews.Com. https://www.antaranews.com/berita/2809661/bnn-sulawesi-tengah-banyak-remaja-15-tahun-jadi-pengedar-narkoba

Badan Narkotika Nasional. (2021). Laporan Tahunan BNN tentang Penyalahgunaan Narkoba di Kalangan Remaja. Badan Narkotika Nasional.

Badan Narkotika Nasional. (2023a). Jenis dan Bahaya Narkotika. Badan Narkotika Nasional.

Badan Narkotika Nasional. (2023b). Laporan Tahunan Penyalahgunaan Narkoba. Badan Narkotika Nasional.

Badan Narkotika Nasional (BNN). (2023). Survei Nasional Penyalahgunaan Narkoba di Kalangan Pelajar dan Mahasiswa. Badan Narkotika Nasional.

Bansal, H., Badiye, A., Tandan, R., & Kapoor, N. (2023). Crime and Society: An Introduction to Criminology. In Textbook of Forensic Science (pp. 1–40). Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1377-0_1

Belfiore, C. I., Galofaro, V., Cotroneo, D., Lopis, A., Tringali, I., Denaro, V., & Casu, M. (2024). A Multi-Level Analysis of Biological, Social, and Psychological Determinants of Substance Use Disorder and Co-Occurring Mental Health Outcomes. Psychoactives, 3(2), 194–214. https://doi.org/10.3390/psychoactives3020013

Capp, B. (2024). Children, Juveniles, and Crime in Early Modern London: Old Bailey Trials, 1674–1750. Continuity and Change, 39(1), 21–44. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0268416024000122

Charuni, T. M. J. (2024). Narrative Review on the Spectrum of Diseases Prevalent Among Substance-Addicted Populations and Their Interconnected Health Dynamics. Journal of Science of the University of Kelaniya, 17(1), 57–63. https://doi.org/10.4038/josuk.v17i1.8107

Ciucă Anghel, D.-M., Nițescu, G. V., Tiron, A.-T., Guțu, C. M., & Baconi, D. L. (2023). Understanding the Mechanisms of Action and Effects of Drugs of Abuse. Molecules, 28(13), 4969. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28134969

Costa, R. M. (2026). Psychoactive Substances and Spiritual Experiences. In Encyclopedia of Religious Psychology and Behavior (pp. 1–20). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38971-9_2049-1

Dando, C. J., Ormerod, T. C., & Atkinson-Sheppard, S. (2023). Parental Experiences of the Impact of Grooming and Criminal Exploitation of Children for County Lines Drug Trafficking. Journal of Public Health, 45(2), e346–e354. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdac112

Danil, Y. F., Sintusa, A. F., & Aji, T. B. (2022). Law Enforcement in The Eradication of Criminal Acts in Children and Youth Generations. Jurnal Dinamika Hukum, 22(1), 168. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2022.22.1.3247

Dar, A., & Kannan, D. (2023). Introduction: Children, Youth, and Modernity in the ‘Everyday Urban’ (pp. 1–30). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31820-7_1

Day, E., Pechey, L. C., Roscoe, S., & Kelly, J. F. (2025). Recovery Support Services as Part of the Continuum of Care for Alcohol or Drug Use Disorders. Addiction, 120(8), 1497–1520. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16751

Deep, P. Das, Ghosh, N., Gaither, C., & Rahaman, M. S. (2024). The Factors Affecting Substance Use and the Most Effective Mental Health Interventions in Adolescents and Young Adults. Psychoactives, 3(4), 461–475. https://doi.org/10.3390/psychoactives3040028

Departemen Kesehatan RI. (2010). Modul Penyuluhan Narkoba untuk Remaja. Departemen Kesehatan RI.

Ezeji, C. L. (2025). Evaluating Risk Factors for Criminal Behaviors Among Youth and the Responses of the Criminal Justice System and Role Players. International Journal of Business Ecosystem & Strategy (2687-2293), 7(5), 199–216. https://doi.org/10.36096/ijbes.v7i5.1034

Fikri, A. E., & Purwanti. (2025). Pengaruh Narkoba Pada Remaja di Indonesia. Triwikrama: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, 6(7), 1–13.

Gupta, Y. K. (2024). Exploring Crime from a Sociological Perspective. International Journal of Dynamic Educational Research Society, 5(2), 47–56.

Harmadi, M. B. R., Adiguna, A. J., Putri, D. C. S., Banuati, N., Pambudi, A. L., & Broto, L. S. W. (2022). Moral Education and Social Attitudes of the Young Generation: Challenges for Indonesia and the International Community. Jurnal Panjar: Pengabdian Bidang Pembelajaran, 4(2), 173–222. https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/panjar/article/view/55045

Haryono, I., Ravena, D., Herniati, D. D., Sambas, N., Yusdiansyah, E., & Zakaria, C. F. A. (2026). An Alternative Approach To Narcotics Trafficking Eradication In Indonesia: Institutional Perspectives From The National Narcotics Agency. Journal of Scientific Research, Education, and Technology, 5(2), 1260–1275. https://jsret.knpub.com/index.php/jrest/article/view/1118

Hirschi, T. (1969). Causes of Delinquency. University of California Press.

Kamarudin, M. F., Agis, A., & Fadil, A. (2020). Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Penyalahgunaan Narkotika: Studi Kota Makassar. Journal of Lex Philosophy (JLP), 1(1), 57–72. https://doi.org/10.52103/jlp.v1i1.25

Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika. (2021). Data Pengguna Narkoba di Indonesia. Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika.

Komisi Nasional Perlindungan Anak. (2024). Dampak Penggunaan Narkoba di Kalangan Remaja. Komisi Nasional Perlindungan Anak.

Kompas.com. (2022). Remaja Jadi Kurir Narkoba Sabu yang Disamarkan dalam Camilan, Ini Faktanya. Kompas.com.

Media Suara Palu. (2024). 35 Persen Pengguna Narkoba di Kota Palu Anak Usia 15 Tahun ke Atas. mediasuarapalu.com. https://mediasuarapalu.com/2024/03/13/35-persen-pengguna-narkoba-di-kota-palu-anak-usia-15-tahun-ke-atas/

Merton, R. K. (1968). Social Theory and Social Structure. The Free Press.

Mursyid, M., Rishad Ilmi, M., & Azham Ilham, M. (2025). The Urgency of Legal Protection for Children Involved in Drug Trafficking in Indonesia. Intellectual Law Review (ILRE), 3(1), 22–35. https://doi.org/10.59108/ilre.v3i1.107

Nath, A., Choudhari, S. G., Dakhode, S. U., Rannaware, A., & Gaidhane, A. M. (2022). Substance Abuse Amongst Adolescents: An Issue of Public Health Significance. Cureus, 14(11), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.31193

Olsen, Y. (2022). What Is Addiction? History, Terminology, and Core Concepts. Medical Clinics of North America, 106(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2021.08.001

Poerwanti, P. (2025). Pengendalian Penyalahgunaan Narkoba di Kalangan Generasi Muda (pp. 1–2). https://berkas.dpr.go.id/pusaka/files/isu_sepekan/Isu Sepekan---II-PUSLIT-Februari-2025-836.pdf

Rahayu, G. Z., Suhanda, S., & Firmansyah, A. (2024). Implementation Of Psychosocial Rehabilitation In Adolescents Using Drugs With Inefective Coping Problems. JURNAL VNUS (Vocational Nursing Sciences), 6(1), 23–33. https://doi.org/10.52221/jvnus.v6i1.304

Ramadhan, D. N., & Darwis, R. S. (2023). Analisis Fenomena Penyalahgunaan Narkoba Pada Remaja Berdasarkan Teori Sistem Ekologi. Focus: Jurnal Pekerjaan Sosial, 6(2), 241–249.

Sarwono, S. W. (2002). Psikologi Remaja. Raja Grafindo Persada.

Shafie, A. A. H., Baharudin, D. F., Othman, K., Mokhtar, A. N., Abdul, Aziz, R. A., Kamal, N. F., Wahab, S., Priantina, A., Yassin, N., Azwan, M., Halim, & Abd, F. (2024). Exploring Protective And Risk Factors Among Youth In High-Risk Areas. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 30(5), 11922–11938.

Shakir, Z., Khan, A. ullah, & Naz, R. (2024). The Influence of Urban Youth Offenses on Familt Dynamics: A Sociological Analysis. Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research, 7(1), 56–72. https://doi.org/10.37605/pjhssr.v7i1.5

Shubho, S. S., Islam, M., Siddiqui, M. K., Islam, M. M., & Zaman, M. H. (2026). The Impact of Drug Addiction on Family Relationships and Daily Living Practices. Global Academic Journal of Pharmacy and Drug Research, 8(02), 4–14. https://doi.org/10.36348/gajpdr.2026.v08i02.001

Soekanto, S., & Mamuji, S. (2003). Penelitian Hukum Normatif: Suatu Tinjauan Singkat. Rajawali Pers.

Urbaningrum, E. L., Noerdajasakti, S., & Yuliati, Y. (2025). Legal Disparities in Handling Narcotics Abuse Among Teenagers in Indonesia. International Review of Social Sciences Research, 5(2), 178–200. https://doi.org/10.53378/irssr.353202

Zuliansyah, R. A. (2024). 1,36 Persen Pengguna Narkoba Berusia Remaja, Akibat Pengaruh Teman. tangerangnews.com. https://www.tangerangnews.com/nasional/read/50015/136-Persen-Pengguna-Narkoba-Berusia-Remaja-Akibat-Pengaruh-Teman